Ethical Hacking Essentials Practice Test

In the described scenario, what type of vulnerability assessment did James, the pen tester, perform?

1. Network-based Assessment

2. Host-based Assessment

3. Application Assessment

4. Cloud Assessment

The correct answer is: Host-based Assessment

James performed a host-based assessment, which focuses on evaluating vulnerabilities present on individual machines or hosts within a network. This type of assessment analyzes the security configuration, software vulnerabilities, and potential weaknesses that could be exploited on specific devices. In a host-based assessment, the pen tester would typically review operating system configurations, installed applications, and user permissions, aiming to identify any misconfigurations or outdated software that could present risks. The primary goal is to enhance the security of individual hosts, which are often entry points for attacks if not properly secured. This approach is distinct from other types of vulnerability assessments. For instance, a network-based assessment emphasizes the examination of network infrastructures and devices like routers and switches, focusing more on external threats. An application assessment specifically targets web applications to find vulnerabilities such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting, while a cloud assessment evaluates the security posture of cloud services and resources. Each of these types addresses different facets of security vulnerabilities, but in this scenario, the focus was on assessing a specific host's vulnerabilities, thus highlighting the nature of the assessment performed.